ð§ Your Body's Supercomputer: A Study Guide to the Nervous System ðŧ
(āļู่āļĄืāļāđāļĢีāļĒāļāļĢู้āļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ: āļŠุāļāļĒāļāļāļāļāļĄāļิāļ§āđāļāļāļĢ์āđāļāļĢ่āļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļāļāļāļุāļ)
Here are your study notes (āļŠāļĢุāļāļĒ่āļ) outlining the human nervous system, its functions, and how to keep it healthy, based on your science lesson plan. Let's get started!
✨ Key Points (āļāļĢāļ°āđāļ็āļāļŠāļģāļัāļ)
- The Nervous
System (āļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ) is the body's main
control and communication network. ✅
- It has
two main parts: The Central Nervous System (CNS) or āļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļŠ่āļ§āļāļāļĨāļēāļ,
and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) or āļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļāļāļāļāļ.
- The brain
(āļŠāļĄāļāļ) and spinal cord (āđāļāļŠัāļāļŦāļĨัāļ)
make up the CNS. ð§
- Information
travels as nerve impulses (āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ) through special cells
called neurons (āđāļāļĨāļĨ์āļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ). ⚡
- Protecting
your nervous system through a healthy lifestyle is super important (āļŠāļģāļัāļāļĄāļēāļ)! ð
1.0 The Architecture of the Nervous System (āđāļāļĢāļāļŠāļĢ้āļēāļāļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ)
The human nervous system is divided into two main parts that
work together to control everything you do.
- 1.1
Central Nervous System (CNS) - āļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļŠ่āļ§āļāļāļĨāļēāļ
- This
is the main control center (āļĻูāļāļĒ์āļāļ§āļāļุāļĄāļŦāļĨัāļ). It includes the
brain and spinal cord.
- 1.2
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - āļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļĢāļāļāļāļāļ
- This
system is made of nerves or neurons (āđāļāļĨāļĨ์āļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ)
that connect the CNS to every other part of the body, creating a full
communication network.
Think of it like this: ð§ (Brain) ↔️ (Spinal
Cord) ↔️ ðŠ (Body)
2.0 The Command Center: The Brain and Its Functions (āļĻูāļāļĒ์āļัāļāļāļēāļāļēāļĢ:
āļŠāļĄāļāļāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ้āļēāļี่āļ่āļēāļāđ)
The brain (āļŠāļĄāļāļ) is the most complex organ and is
the boss of your body. It interprets information and gives commands. The human cerebrum
is very big because it controls thinking, memory, and intelligence.
Table 1: Anatomy and Function of the Human Brain (āļāļēāļĒāļ§ิāļ āļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ้āļēāļี่āļāļāļāļŠāļĄāļāļāļĄāļุāļĐāļĒ์)
|
Part |
English Name |
Thai Name (āļื่āļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāđāļāļĒ) |
Function (āļŦāļ้āļēāļี่) |
|
1 |
Cerebrum |
āļีāļĢีāļāļĢัāļĄ |
Controls
thought ðĪ, memory ðĄ, intelligence, and
conscious actions like walking ðķ and running ð. |
|
2 |
Thalamus |
āļāļēāļĨāļēāļĄัāļŠ |
Relays
information to the brain and regulates sleep ðī, alertness, and
awareness. |
|
3 |
Hypothalamus |
āđāļŪāđāļāļāļēāļĨāļēāļĄัāļŠ |
Controls body
temperature ðĄ️, heart rate ❤️,
blood pressure, sleep, thirst ð§, and hunger ð. |
|
4 |
Pons |
āļāļāļāļŠ์ |
Controls
breathing ðŪðĻ, chewing, salivation, and facial
movements ð. |
|
5 |
Cerebellum |
āļีāļĢีāđāļāļĨāļĨัāļĄ |
Coordinates
body movements and maintains balance ðĪļ. An injury here can
affect balance. |
|
6 |
Medulla
oblongata |
āđāļĄāļัāļĨāļĨāļēāļāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļē |
Controls
involuntary actions like digestion, respiration, and heartbeat ❤️. |
3.0 The Messengers: Neurons and Information Flow ðĻ
(āļู้āļŠ่āļāļŠāļēāļĢ:
āđāļāļĨāļĨ์āļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāļĨāļāļāļāļ้āļāļĄูāļĨ)
Information is sent through your nervous system by special
cells called neurons (āđāļāļĨāļĨ์āļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ).
3.1 Structure of a Neuron (āđāļāļĢāļāļŠāļĢ้āļēāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĨāļĨ์āļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ)
- A
neuron has a cell body and special fibers called axons (āđāļāļāļāļāļ) and dendrites (āđāļāļāđāļāļĢāļ์)
that carry nerve impulses.
- Dendrites
(āđāļāļāđāļāļĢāļ์): Receive signals and send them towards
the cell body.
- Axons
(āđāļāļāļāļāļ): Send signals away from the cell
body to other neurons.
- 3.2
The Pathway of a Nerve Impulse (āđāļŠ้āļāļāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ)
This is how it works:
1.
Stimulus (āļŠิ่āļāđāļĢ้āļē):
A receptor (āļŦāļ่āļ§āļĒāļĢัāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āļŠึāļ),
like your eyes, detects a stimulus. ð
2.
Signal Conversion (āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļāļŠัāļāļāļēāļ):
The receptor turns this information into a nerve impulse (āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ).
⚡
3.
Transmission to CNS (āļāļēāļĢāļŠ่āļāđāļāļĒัāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļŠ่āļ§āļāļāļĨāļēāļ): The impulse travels through sensory neurons to the brain and
spinal cord. Neurons talk to each other across a tiny space called a synapse
(āđāļāđāļāļāļŠ์).
4. Response (āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļŠāļāļāļ): The CNS sends a command through motor neurons to an effector (āļŦāļ่āļ§āļĒāļāļิāļัāļิāļāļēāļ), like a muscle, which causes a reaction! ðŠð
4.0 Maintaining a Healthy Nervous System (āļāļēāļĢāļูāđāļĨāļĢัāļāļĐāļēāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāđāļŦ้āđāļ็āļāđāļĢāļ)
Taking care of your nervous system is vital for your overall
health.
- 4.1
Guidelines for Care (āđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļูāđāļĨ)
- ⛑️
Prevent accidents that could damage the brain or spinal cord.
- ð
Avoid addictive substances.
- ð§♀️
Manage and avoid stress.
- ðĨĶ
Eat healthy foods. Foods rich in Vitamin B1 like brown rice (āļ้āļēāļ§āļāļĨ้āļāļ), grains (āļัāļāļืāļ), and animal
entrails (āđāļāļĢื่āļāļāđāļāļŠัāļāļ§์) are great for
nourishing the brain!.
ð Vocabulary Table (āļāļēāļĢāļēāļāļāļģāļĻัāļāļ์)
|
English Term (āļāļģāļĻัāļāļ์) |
Thai Translation (āļāļģāđāļāļĨ) |
Meaning & Function (āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ้āļēāļี่) |
|
Nervous System |
āļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ |
The body's
control network, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, that
regulates all body processes. |
|
Neuron |
āđāļāļĨāļĨ์āļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ
/ āļิāļ§āļĢāļāļ |
A specialized
cell that transmits nerve impulses; the basic unit of the nervous system. |
|
Cerebrum |
āļีāļĢีāļāļĢัāļĄ |
The largest
part of the brain, responsible for thinking, memory, and voluntary actions. |
|
Cerebellum |
āļีāļĢีāđāļāļĨāļĨัāļĄ |
The part of
the brain at the back of the skull that coordinates movement and balance. |
|
Medulla oblongata |
āđāļĄāļัāļĨāļĨāļēāļāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļē |
Part of the
brainstem that controls involuntary actions like breathing and heart rate. |
|
Synapse |
āđāļāđāļāļāļŠ์ |
The tiny gap
between two neurons where chemical signals are sent to communicate. |
|
Stimulus |
āļŠิ่āļāđāļĢ้āļē |
Something
that causes a reaction in an organ or cell. |
|
Response |
āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļŠāļāļāļ |
The reaction
of an organism to a stimulus. |
|
Receptor |
āļŦāļ่āļ§āļĒāļĢัāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢู้āļŠึāļ |
A cell or
organ (like the eyes or ears) that detects a stimulus and converts it into a
nerve impulse. |
|
Effector |
āļŦāļ่āļ§āļĒāļāļิāļัāļิāļāļēāļ |
A part of the
body, such as a muscle or gland, that produces a response to a nerve impulse. |
Bibliography (āļāļĢāļĢāļāļēāļุāļāļĢāļĄ)
Aksorn. (n.d.). Unit 1 Human Body Systems, Lesson Plan 4
- Nervous system [Lesson Plan]. Aksorn.
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