What is Matter All Around Us? สสารคืออะไร? 🤔

🧪 Session 1: What is Matter All Around Us? สสารคืออะไร? 🤔

Hello Grade 7 Super Scientists! 👋 Welcome to our first lesson about Matter (สสาร - sà-săan)! Let's explore the amazing world of stuff! ✨

1. What is Matter? (สสารคืออะไร?) 🧐

Everything around you is either MATTER or NOT MATTER. So, what's the secret? 🤫

• Matter (สสาร - sà-săan) is anything that:
1. Has mass (มีมวล - mii muan) – This means it's made of "stuff." We can weigh it! ⚖️
2. Takes up space (ต้องการที่อยู่ - dtông gaan têe yòo) – This means it has volume (ปริมาตร - bpà-rí-maat). It fills things up! 🧊💧💨
• Examples of Matter:

• Your desk 📚
• Water (น้ำ - náam) 💧
• The air you breathe (อากาศ - aa-gàat) 🌬️
• Your pencil ✏️
• An elephant 🐘
• A tiny ant 🐜

• Examples of NOT Matter (These are forms of energy or ideas!):

• Light (แสง - săeng) 💡
• Sound (เสียง - sĭang) 🎵
• Your thoughts (ความคิด - kwaam kít) 🧠
• Heat (ความร้อน - kwaam rón) 🔥
• Rainbows 🌈 (They are light!)

Think about it! Can you name 3 more things that are matter? And 1 more thing that is NOT matter? 🤔

Check your understanding: Quiz 1: Matter and Its Properties

2. Properties of Matter (สมบัติของสสาร - sŏm-bàt kŏng sà-săan) 🌟

Properties are like clues that help us describe and identify matter. We can sort them into two main types:

(A) Physical Properties (สมบัติทางกายภาพ - sŏm-bàt taang gai-yá-pâap)

These are characteristics we can observe or measure without changing what the substance is made of. Imagine describing a friend – you talk about their hair color, height, etc., without changing them! 😉

• Examples of Physical Properties:
• 🎨 Color (สี - sĕe): Red, blue, green...
• 👃 Odor (กลิ่น - glìn): Smells sweet, sour, or no smell.
• 🌡️ State/Phase (สถานะ - sà-tăa-ná): Is it a Solid (ของแข็ง - kŏng kăeng), Liquid (ของเหลว - kŏng lăayo), or Gas (แก๊ส - gáes)? (We'll talk more about this soon!)
• 📏 Density (ความหนาแน่น - kwaam năa nâen): How much "stuff" is packed into a space. (Is it heavy for its size?)
• 💧 Melting Point (จุดหลอมเหลว - jùt lŏm lăayo): The temperature when a solid turns into a liquid.
• 🔥 Boiling Point (จุดเดือด - jùt dèuat): The temperature when a liquid turns into a gas.
• 💎 Hardness (ความแข็ง - kwaam kăeng): How easily it can be scratched.
• 🔨 Malleability (ความสามารถในการตีเป็นแผ่น - kwaam săa-mâat nai gaan dtee bpen pàen): Can it be hammered into thin sheets? (like gold foil)
• 🧵 Ductility (ความสามารถในการดึงเป็นเส้น - kwaam săa-mâat nai gaan deung bpen sên): Can it be pulled into wires? (like copper wire)
• 🌊 Solubility (สภาพละลายได้ - sà-pâap lá-laai dâai): Can it dissolve in another substance (like sugar in water)?
• Two Special Types of Physical Properties:
• ✨ Intensive Properties (สมบัติภายใน - sŏm-bàt pai nai): These do NOT depend on the amount of substance you have. Examples: Color, Density, Melting Point. (A small piece of gold and a big piece of gold have the same color and density!)
• ⚖️ Extensive Properties (สมบัติภายนอก - sŏm-bàt pai nôk): These DO depend on the amount of substance. Examples: Mass, Volume, Length. (A big rock has more mass than a small rock!)

(B) Chemical Properties (สมบัติทางเคมี - sŏm-bàt taang kay-mee)

These describe how a substance can change into a new substance with new properties. It’s like how a caterpillar changes into a butterfly – it becomes something totally different! 🦋

• Examples of Chemical Properties:
• 🔥 Flammability (ความไวไฟ - kwaam wai fai): How easily something burns. (Wood burns, rock does not).
• 🧪 Reactivity (ความว่องไวในการเกิดปฏิกิริยา - kwaam wông wai nai gaan gèrt bpà-dtì-gì-rí-yaa): How it reacts with other substances, like air (oxygen) or acids. (Iron rusts when it reacts with oxygen and water).
• ☠️ Toxicity (ความเป็นพิษ - kwaam bpen pít): If it's poisonous.
• 💥 Ability to Explode: Can it go BOOM?

Remember:

• Physical change = same stuff, different look (e.g., ice melting to water 🧊➡️💧)
• Chemical change = new stuff is made! (e.g., wood burning to ash 🔥➡️💨)

Check your understanding: Quiz 2: Properties of Matter

3. First Look: Classifying Matter by State! (การจำแนกสสารตามสถานะเบื้องต้น) 🧊💧💨

One easy way to start classifying matter is by its physical state (สถานะทางกายภาพ - sà-tăa-ná taang gai-yá-pâap).

1. 🧊 Solids (ของแข็ง - kŏng kăeng)
• Have a definite shape (รูปร่างแน่นอน - rôop râang nâe non). A book stays book-shaped!
• Have a definite volume (ปริมาตรแน่นอน - bpà-rí-maat nâe non). It takes up a fixed amount of space.
• Particles (อนุภาค - à-nú-pâak) are packed tightly together and just vibrate.
• Examples: Rock 🗿, Ice 🧊, Wood 🌳, Chair 🪑
2. 💧 Liquids (ของเหลว - kŏng lăayo)
• Have NO definite shape. They take the shape of their container. (Water in a glass vs. water in a bottle).
• Have a definite volume. 1 liter of water is still 1 liter of water.
• Particles are close but can slide past each other.
• Examples: Water 🌊, Milk 🥛, Juice 🧃, Oil 🛢️
3. 💨 Gases (แก๊ส - gáes)
• Have NO definite shape. They spread out to fill their entire container.
• Have NO definite volume. They will expand to fill any space.
• Particles are very far apart and move quickly in all directions.
• Examples: Air (everywhere!) 🌬️, Oxygen we breathe, Helium in balloons 🎈

We'll learn much more about these states and how they can change in our next lessons! 😉

🌟 Key Terms to Remember (คำศัพท์สำคัญที่ต้องจำ) 🌟

• Matter (สสาร - sà-săan)
• Mass (มวล - muan)
• Volume (ปริมาตร - bpà-rí-maat)
• Physical Property (สมบัติทางกายภาพ - sŏm-bàt taang gai-yá-pâap)
• Chemical Property (สมบัติทางเคมี - sŏm-bàt taang kay-mee)
• Intensive Property (สมบัติภายใน - sŏm-bàt pai nai)
• Extensive Property (สมบัติภายนอก - sŏm-bàt pai nôk)
• Solid (ของแข็ง - kŏng kăeng)
• Liquid (ของเหลว - kŏng lăayo)
• Gas (แก๊ส - gáes)
• State/Phase (สถานะ - sà-tăa-ná)

Check your Understanding: Quiz 3: Matter States and Physical Properties

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Great job on starting your journey into the world of Matter! 🎉 Keep observing the world around you and try to identify matter and its properties. See you next time! 😊👋