Classification of Matter based on the Composition

 

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1. What's Matter All About? 🤔

Everything around us is matter! From the air we breathe 🌬️ to the water we drink 💧 and the food we eat 🍕. Scientists like to sort matter into different groups to understand it better. The two big groups we'll look at today are Pure Substances and Mixtures.

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2. Pure Substances: The "Only Me" Club! 🧍‍♀️🧍‍♂️

Pure substances are like a solo artist – they are made of only one kind of particle and have the same features all the way through.

2.1 What is a Pure Substance? (สารบริสุทธิ์คืออะไร?)

A pure substance (สารบริสุทธิ์ - saan borisut) is a type of matter that has a fixed, uniform composition. This means it's the same everywhere in the sample!

• It has constant properties (คุณสมบัติคงที่ - khunnasombat khongthi). This means things like its melting point (จุดหลอมเหลว), boiling point (จุดเดือด), and color (สี) are always the same.
• Imagine a gold bar 🪙 – every part of it is gold!
• It cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical methods (like filtering or picking apart). You usually need a chemical reaction! 💥

2.2 Types of Pure Substances

There are two main types of pure substances:

2.2.1 Elements (ธาตุ - thaat)

• These are the simplest form of pure substances.
• Made up of only one type of atom (อะตอม - atom). Think of them as the basic building blocks! 🧱
• They cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means.
• Examples: Gold (Au) 💛, Oxygen (O₂) we breathe, Iron (Fe) in your gate, Carbon (C) in a pencil lead ✏️.

2.2.2 Compounds (สารประกอบ - saan prakop)

• These are pure substances made of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded together. 🤝
• These atoms are combined in a fixed ratio. For example, water (H₂O) is ALWAYS made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.
• Compounds can be broken down into their elements by chemical reactions.
• The properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements that make it up. For example, water (💧 a liquid) is very different from hydrogen (a gas) and oxygen (a gas).
• Examples: Water (H₂O) 🥤, Table Salt (NaCl) 🧂, Sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) 🍭.

2.3 Element vs. Compound: What's the Difference?

Here's a quick comparison:

Feature	Element (ธาตุ)	Compound (สารประกอบ)
Made of	Only one type of atom ⚛️	Two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded 🔗
Can be broken down?	No, it's the simplest form! 🚫	Yes, into elements by chemical methods 🔨
Properties	Has its own unique properties.	Properties are different from the elements it's made of. ✨
Example	Gold (Au), Oxygen (O₂)	Water (H₂O), Salt (NaCl)

Note. Data based on lesson materials.

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3. Mixtures: Let's Mix It Up! 🥤🥗

Mixtures are like a party where different substances hang out together without chemically changing!

3.1 What is a Mixture? (สารผสมคืออะไร?)

A mixture (สารผสม - saan phasom) is made up of two or more substances that are physically mixed together.

• They have a variable composition. This means you can have a little salt in your water or a lot of salt – it's still salt water! 🌊
• Each substance in the mixture keeps its own properties. If you mix sand and sugar, the sand is still sandy, and the sugar is still sweet! 😋
• They can be separated by physical methods (like filtering, sifting, or magnets 🧲).
• Making a mixture usually doesn't involve big energy changes.

3.2 Types of Mixtures

Mixtures can be sorted into two main types based on how well they are mixed:

3.2.1 Homogeneous Mixtures (สารเนื้อเดียว - saan nuea diao)

• These mixtures look the same throughout. You can't see the different parts. Uniform! ✨
• The substances are spread out evenly.
• Also known as solutions (สารละลาย - saan lalai).
• Think of it like a perfectly blended smoothie where every sip is the same.
• Examples: Saltwater (น้ำเกลือ), filtered tea (ชา), soda (น้ำอัดลม) 🥤, clean air.

3.2.2 Heterogeneous Mixtures (สารเนื้อผสม - saan nuea phasom)

• These mixtures do not look the same throughout. You can easily see the different parts or layers. Chunky! 덩어리 (deong-eoli - Korean for chunky, as a fun addition)
• The substances are not spread out evenly.
• Think of a chunky fruit salad 🍓🍍🥝 – you can see all the different fruits!
• Examples: Vegetable soup (ซุปผัก) 🍲, soil (ดิน), oil and water (น้ำมันกับน้ำ) 💧, cereal with milk (ซีเรียลกับนม) 🥣.

3.3 Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures: Spot the Difference!

Let's compare these two types of mixtures:

Feature	Homogeneous Mixture (สารเนื้อเดียว)	Heterogeneous Mixture (สารเนื้อผสม)
Appearance	Looks the same throughout (uniform) 👍	Looks different in different parts (non-uniform) 👀
Phases	Consists of a single phase.	Consists of two or more phases.
Particles	Particles are very small, not visible.	Particles can often be seen.
Examples	Saltwater, air, sugar dissolved in water.	Fruit salad, soil, sand and water.

Note. Data based on lesson materials.

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4. Pure Substances vs. Mixtures: The BIG Showdown! 💪🆚

Let's put pure substances and mixtures side-by-side to see their main differences:

Characteristic	Pure Substance (สารบริสุทธิ์)	Mixture (สารผสม)
Composition	Constant and uniform (always the same) unchanging	Variable (can change amounts of substances) ↔️
Properties	Constant properties throughout.	Each component keeps its own properties.
Separation	Cannot be separated by physical methods. (Compounds can be by chemical methods) 🔬	Can be separated by physical methods (filtering, picking, etc.) 🖐️
How it's made	Elements are basic; Compounds are chemically bonded.	Substances are physically blended.
Energy Change	Forming compounds involves significant energy changes.⚡	Forming mixtures usually involves no big energy changes.
Examples	Gold, water, salt, sugar 🥇💧🧂	Saltwater, air, fruit salad, soil 🥤💨🥗

Note. Data based on lesson materials.

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5. Vocabulary Corner 📚 (ศัพท์น่ารู้ - sap naa ruu)

Here are some important words from our lesson:

English Term	Thai Term (if common)	Meaning
Matter	สสาร (sasan)	Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Pure Substance	สารบริสุทธิ์ (saan borisut)	Matter with a constant composition and properties.
Mixture	สารผสม (saan phasom)	A physical blend of two or more substances.
Element	ธาตุ (thaat)	A pure substance made of only one type of atom.
Compound	สารประกอบ (saan prakop)	A pure substance made of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded.
Atom	อะตอม (atom)	The basic unit of a chemical element.
Homogeneous Mixture	สารเนื้อเดียว (saan nuea diao)	A mixture where the composition is uniform throughout.
Heterogeneous Mixture	สารเนื้อผสม (saan nuea phasom)	A mixture where the composition is not uniform throughout.
Solution	สารละลาย (saan lalai)	Another name for a homogeneous mixture.
Phase	วัฏภาค (wattaphak)	A part of a sample with uniform composition and properties.
Physical Method	วิธีกายภาพ (withee kaiyaphaap)	A way to separate mixtures without changing the substances' identities.
Chemical Method	วิธีเคมี (withee khemee)	A way to separate compounds that involves chemical reactions.
Constant Composition	องค์ประกอบคงที่ (ongprakop khongthi)	The makeup of a substance is always the same.
Variable Composition	องค์ประกอบไม่คงที่ (ongprakop mai khongthi)	The makeup of a mixture can change.

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Key Takeaways! 🌟

• Matter can be a Pure Substance (elements or compounds) or a Mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous).
• Pure substances have a fixed composition and properties.
• Mixtures have a variable composition, and their parts keep their own properties and can be separated physically.
• Elements are the simplest pure substances. Compounds are made of elements chemically bonded.

Great job, everyone! 🎉 Keep exploring the fascinating world of science! If you have questions, don't be shy to ask your teacher! 😊